REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA SOBRE ATIVIDADE ANTITUMORAL DE MICROALGAS E CIANOBACTÉRIAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22408/reva602021554e-6001Abstract
Resumo
O câncer é considerado um problema de saúde pública e atualmente sua incidência tem aumentado em todo o mundo. Infelizmente, os métodos convencionais empregados no tratamento são causadores de efeitos colaterais incômodos, impulsionando a busca por novas terapias, principalmente de fontes naturais. As microalgas e cianobactérias tem demonstrado potencial no tratamento antitumoral, despertando interesse em pesquisas científicas. Esta revisão integrativa, utilizou artigos originais que analisaram a atividade antitumoral de bioativos extraídos de microalgas ou cianobactérias em modelos experimentais in vitro e/ou in vivo publicados em língua inglesa nas bases de dados PubMed (NCBI), Google scholar e os periódicos da CAPES entre 2009 e 2019. 107 artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Estes apresentaram 58 diferentes gêneros de microalgas e cianobactérias, sendo os gêneros Spirulina sp. e Chlorella sp. os mais relatados. O extrato aquoso e os compostos purificados ficocianina e β-caroteno são os mais promissores em diferentes linhagens, principalmente MCF-7 de tumor mamário. O principal mecanismo de ação destes compostos foi a inibição da proliferação de células tumorais. O número de artigos publicados sobre atividade antitumoral de bioativos obtidos destes microrganismos é crescente, no entanto a identificação dos compostos e o conhecimento sobre seus mecanismos de ação ainda são limitados.
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